ArticleScientific reports2026
Acute effects of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STST) on immune-metabolic stress indices.
Article in Scientific reports, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Characterizing the non-pathological, exercise-induced immune-metabolic stress regulation is important for understanding physiological adaptations and distinguishing them from maladaptive responses. Because such responses are mostly studied with extensive, resource-intensive protocols, simple, standardized tests eliciting measurable immune-metabolic responses are valuable in clinical and non-clinical settings. Established field tests assess functional exercise capacity rather than providing a standardized stimulus for investigating exercise-induced immune regulation. This study examined the effects of the 1-minute sit-to-stand test (STST) on immune-metabolic stress indices and whether it elicits sufficient anaerobic stress to serve as a tool for investigating exercise-induced immunological stress responses. Capillary blood from 28 healthy adults was collected before, immediately after, and during 45 min after exercise to determine lactate, glucose, and blood cell counts; hemoconcentration correction was applied. Lactate increased significantly immediately after the STST, exceeding the anaerobic threshold (> 4 mmol/L). Leukocyte, lymphocyte, and granulocyte counts rose significantly post-exercise; leukocytes returned to baseline by 30 min, whereas granulocytes remained elevated. GLR and SII decreased significantly immediately post-exercise and increased during recovery, together with SIRI. Lactate changes correlated significantly with leukocyte, lymphocyte and granulocyte changes. Therefore, the STST represents a practical, standardized field-based model for immune-metabolic assessment with translational potential for clinical and non-clinical settings.
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