ArticleEuropean journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics2026
Plasma Carbamazepine and Carbamazepine-Epoxide Concentrations as Indicators of Consciousness Impairment in Acute Poisoning: A Sex-Based Analysis.
Article in European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundCarbamazepine (CBZ) is a widely used antiepileptic drug with a narrow therapeutic window. Its potential for severe toxicity in overdose is primarily due to its active metabolite, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E). In acute CBZ intoxication, sex-specific differences and toxicokinetics are poorly understood, especially the impact on neurological impairment, despite its clinical relevance.
objectivesThe present study aimed to explore the clinical, biochemical, and toxicokinetic data of patients with acute CBZ poisoning to assess the relationship between CBZ exposure and the level of consciousness upon hospital admission and stay and to identify potential sex-based differences in the course and severity of poisoning to develop individualised clinical management strategies for these patients.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective observational study of 99 adult patients admitted to a national toxicology centre with confirmed acute CBZ poisoning from January 2012 to December 2022. Plasma concentrations of CBZ and CBZ-E were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography. Clinical and biochemical data were analysed regarding sex and level of consciousness on admission and throughout the hospital stay.
resultsThere were no significant differences between sexes in ingested dose and CBZ initial and peak concentrations. Women exhibited significantly higher peak CBZ-E concentrations and CBZ-E/CBZ ratios, which may be associated with a nonsignificant trend toward longer hospital stay. Men had higher baseline haematological and biochemical parameters, consistent with known physiological differences. Females more frequently required dopamine support for hypotension, while head injuries occurred exclusively in males. A strong dose-response relationship was observed between CBZ and CBZ-E exposure and impaired consciousness. Multivariate regression analysis confirmed that both CBZ and CBZ-E C
conclusionsEarly toxicokinetic assessment is clinically important in acute CBZ poisoning, particularly considering the significant sex-related differences in CBZ metabolism and toxicity. Monitoring the active metabolite CBZ-E may provide additional clinical value, especially in female patients. CBZ and CBZ-E plasma concentrations are valuable biomarkers of poisoning severity.
Identifiers
42599622What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.