ArticleEuropean radiology experimental2026
Object size-dependent bias in aortic valve calcium quantification: polychromatic images vs virtual monochromatic images.
Article in European radiology experimental, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo compare aortic valve calcification (AVC) quantifications between polychromatic images (PI) and 70-keV virtual monochromatic images (VMI) obtained from photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT), and to assess the influence of object size on the quantifications. MATERIALS AND
methodsThis retrospective study included participants who underwent PCD-CT for aortic stenosis (AS) assessment or intervention planning between March 2023 and August 2025. AVC was quantified using aortic valve Agatston score (AVAS), calcium volume (AVCV), and calcium mass (AVCM) from both PI and 70-keV VMI. Wilcoxon signed-rank test assessed differences, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient and univariable linear regression analyses were used to evaluate associations between the PI/VMI ratio and water-equivalent diameter (WED). Agreement of AVAS-based classification between PI and 70-keV VMI was evaluated using Cohen's κ.
resultsA total of 137 participants (median age, 84 years [IQR, 79-88]; 81 women) were included. PI yielded significantly higher values than 70-keV VMI for AVAS, AVCV, and AVCM (all p < 0.001). The PI/VMI ratio showed a strong negative correlation with WED, particularly for AVCM (ρ = -0.73). In univariable regression analyses, WED showed negative associations with the PI/VMI ratios for AVCM and AVAS. Cohen's κ for AVAS-based classification was 0.95-0.96.
conclusionCompared with VMI-derived AVC quantification, PI-derived AVC quantification may be influenced by object size-dependent beam hardening. Although this did not lead to substantial AS-severity reclassification, differences in AVC quantification between PI and VMI may warrant consideration. KEY POINTS: Question: Do PI and VMI yield different AVC quantifications on PCD-CT?
findingsPI yielded systematically higher AVC volume, mass, and AVAS than 70-keV VMI. These differences may be associated with object size-dependent beam hardening. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: Object size-dependent beam hardening may contribute to systematic differences in AVC quantification between PI and VMI. Although clinical reclassification was limited, reconstruction-specific differences may warrant consideration when applying CT-based thresholds for AS severity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.