Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42599173›Full record

ArticleActa psychiatrica Scandinavica2026

Validation of the Catatonia Quick Screen in the Original Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale Cohort.

James Luccarelli, Joshua Ryan Smith, Mark Kalinich, Jo Ellen Wilson, Jonathan P Rogers, Stephan Heckers, Andrew Francis

Abstract readValidation Study
In one paragraph

Article in Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

James LuccarelliHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1606-3917
Joshua Ryan SmithDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center at Village of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-165X
Mark KalinichHarvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8794-1289
Jo Ellen WilsonDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center at Village of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2565-8012
Jonathan P RogersDivision of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4671-5410
Stephan HeckersDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center at Village of Vanderbilt, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3601-9910
Andrew FrancisDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-1460

Funding

National Institute for Health and Care Research CL-2023-18-002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionDelayed catatonia diagnosis may cause preventable harm. The 4-item Catatonia Quick Screen (CQS) allows rapid screening, but its specificity requires evaluation. We assessed CQS sensitivity and specificity using the original Bush Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS) cohort.

methodsRetrospective reanalysis of data from 215 consecutive inpatient psychiatric admissions. CQS classifications were compared against BFCRS, DSM-5-TR, and ICD-11 criteria. 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated via Clopper-Pearson exact methods, treating the eight single-sign patients conservatively as false positives.

resultsAll 15 catatonia cases screened positive (true positives). The CQS demonstrated 100% sensitivity (95% CI: 78.2% to 100%), 96.0% specificity (95% CI: 92.3% to 98.3%), 65.2% positive predictive value (95% CI: 42.7% to 83.6%), and 100% negative predictive value (95% CI: 98.1% to 100%).

conclusionThe CQS showed excellent sensitivity and high specificity in this psychiatric cohort. It serves as a rapid, low-burden screening tool to accelerate clinical recognition, though positive results require formal diagnostic confirmation.

Indexed as

CatatoniaPsychiatric Status Rating ScalesAdultCohort StudiesFemaleHumansMaleMass ScreeningMiddle AgedReproducibility of ResultsRetrospective StudiesSensitivity and Specificitycatatoniadiagnosispsychiatric status rating scalesretrospective studiesscreening

Identifiers

PMID42599173
PMCPMC13630496

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