Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42598998›Full record

ArticleEndocrine connections2026

Impact of GAD-65 antibody detection on antihyperglycemic therapy in T2D.

Sharon Halliburton, Eric Herber, Kevin M Pantalone, Marcie Parker, Amanda Soric

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Endocrine connections, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Sharon HalliburtonDepartment of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Eric HerberDepartment of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Kevin M PantaloneDepartment of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Marcie ParkerDepartment of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Amanda SoricDepartment of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic , Cleveland, Ohio, USA.ORCID 0009-0009-6593-2531

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Guidelines recommend that latent autoimmune diabetes in adults be managed similarly to type 1 diabetes, emphasizing early insulin initiation, while other guidance suggests incorporating non-insulin antihyperglycemic therapies based on comorbidities and C-peptide levels. The objective of this study was to explore whether glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibody detection in individuals diagnosed with type 2 diabetes impacts antihyperglycemic treatment. This retrospective, observational cohort study at an academic integrated delivery network in Northeast Ohio utilized electronic medical records. Individuals previously diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who tested positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibodies between September 1, 2021, and September 1, 2023, were included. The primary outcome compared the median number of non-insulin antihyperglycemic medication classes at the time of autoantibody detection and after 12 months. Participants had a mean age of 57.2 ± 13.7 years, 73.3% were white, with a median body mass index of 26.2 kg/m2, and 82.1% had an estimated glomerular filtration rate greater than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2. A median of 1 (0-2) non-insulin antihyperglycemic medication class was present at detection and 1 (0-1.5) post-detection (P < 0.0001). Significantly fewer individuals were prescribed metformin, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and thiazolidinediones, whereas significantly more individuals were prescribed bolus insulin after detection. Although most individuals had a baseline C-peptide value within 12 months prior to detection, significantly fewer C-peptide assessments occurred during the subsequent 12-month follow-up period. In individuals with type 2 diabetes, glutamic acid decarboxylase-65 autoantibody detection was associated with significantly fewer prescribed non-insulin antihyperglycemics and significantly more insulin agents 12 months after detection.

Indexed as

C-peptideglutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD)latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA)non-insulin antihyperglycemic medicationstype 2 diabetes

Identifiers

PMID42598998
PMCPMC13545754

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.