Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42598750›Full record

ArticleAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)2026

Mr BMT Achieves Systemic Macrophage Replacement With Preservation of Tissue Homeostasis.

Yufei Xu, Miaozhan Zou, Yunshang Bai, Yang He, Zhihao Jin, Baozhi Yang, Jinjin Du, Pei Ouyang, Yuanyuan Cai, Yuheng Zhang and 8 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors.

Yufei XuDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Miaozhan ZouDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yunshang BaiDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yang HeDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Zhihao JinDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Baozhi YangDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Jinjin DuDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Pei OuyangDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanyuan CaiDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuheng ZhangDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bingying DuDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Chengcheng GeDepartment of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Neuro-Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jian-An GongDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Xiaoyu LiNational Children's Medical Center, Children's Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Yuanyi ZhengDepartment of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Neuro-Ultrasound for Diagnosis and Treatment, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Jing DingDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Bo PengDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4183-5939
Yanxia RaoDepartment of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital, Laboratory Animal Center, Institute for Translational Brain Research, State Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disorders, MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan SANS Neuroscience Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.

Funding

Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project 2022ZD0204700Brain Science and Brain-like Intelligence Technology-National Science and Technology Major Project 2022ZD0207200Changping Laboratory 2025B-07-18Fellowship of China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents BX20250132Fellowship of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025M782569Lin Gang Laboratory LGL-8998-02National Natural Science Foundation of China 323B2030National Natural Science Foundation of China 32571128National Natural Science Foundation of China 325B2039Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research 21TQ014
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microglia replacement is a novel and clinically validated therapeutic framework for brain diseases. Microglia replacement by bone marrow transplantation (Mr BMT) is among the most widely used strategies, achieving efficient replacement and robust therapeutic efficacy. However, Mr BMT affects not only the brain but also the peripheral system. In this study, we comprehensively investigated its effects on peripheral organs, including the liver, kidney, spleen, and lung. We found that Mr BMT achieved robust and sustained macrophage replacement across multiple organs. Although the replaced macrophages broadly acquired organ-specific macrophage characteristics, they retained persistent molecular differences from naïve resident macrophages, suggesting that macrophage identity is simultaneously shaped by the local microenvironment and developmental ontogeny. Despite molecular remodeling to some extent, overall tissue architecture and biological function were preserved after Mr BMT. Together, our findings demonstrate that Mr BMT establishes durable systemic macrophage replacement in peripheral organs while preserving overt tissue homeostasis.

Indexed as

BMTCSF1Rmacrophage replacementmicroglia replacementMr BMT

Identifiers

PMID42598750
PMCPMC13474184

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.