ReviewJournal of Indian Society of Periodontology
Precision periodontology through periodontal endophenotyping: A narrative review.
Review in Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease that is influenced by microbial, immunological, genetic, and systemic factors. The 2017 World Workshop staging and grading framework has improved clinical categorization. However, it does not consider underlying biological diversity among patients with similar clinical presentations. In psychiatry, endocrinology, and pulmonology, the concept of endophenotypes connects genotype, environmental factors, and clinical outcome. Evidence from periodontology suggests that genetic and epigenetic variation, local microbiology, immunoinflammatory responses, chronic systemic conditions, and behavioral factors form biologically distinct subgroups. This review aims to provide current evidence that supports the concept of periodontal endophenotypes and discusses their role in diagnostics, risk assessment, and precision therapy. Standardized markers are yet to be established. This paper seeks to identify current gaps in understanding and outline future directions for research in precision periodontology. The findings could pave the way for more personalized treatment strategies tailored to individual patient profiles. By addressing these gaps, researchers may enhance the effectiveness of interventions and improve overall patient outcomes in periodontal care.
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