ArticleFrontiers in antibiotics2026
ENHANCE: a global collaborative research programme investigating the role of homeopathy in antimicrobial stewardship.
Article in Frontiers in antibiotics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a leading global health threat. Primary care accounts for approximately 80% of human antibiotic use, making novel non-antibiotic strategies for common self-limiting infections an urgent need. Traditional, Complementary and Integrative Medicine (TCIM), including homeopathy, is widely used worldwide; the existing literature on homeopathy suggests a directional signal of potential reductions in antibiotic use in both human and veterinary settings, though the evidence base remains heterogeneous and methodologically limited. The ENHANCE (rEsearch programme oN Homeopathy and Antimicrobial resistaNCE) international collaborative Programme was established in 2023 to systematically evaluate homeopathy's role in antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) through five integrated workstreams: 1) population studies, 2) AMR literature monitoring, 3) Condition-specific systematic reviews, 4) Core outcome set development, and 5) Primary evidence generation. Completed outputs include systematic reviews for otitis media (2024) and tonsillitis (2026), the first internationally agreed Core Outcome Set for acute otitis media (COS-AOM, 2025), and a nationally representative UK survey showing that homeopathic product use occurs in about 5% of the population (an estimated 2.7 million people), with 4% (around 2.2 million people) consulting homeopathic practitioners (2026). Ongoing work includes systematic reviews and core outcome sets for tonsillitis and sinusitis, and the design of pragmatic primary care trials and real-world evidence studies aligned with WHO- and One Health AMR and AMS strategies. ENHANCE provides the methodologically rigorous, internationally coordinated infrastructure needed to determine whether homeopathy can meaningfully contribute to antibiotic-sparing stewardship.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.