SynthesisFrontiers in medicine2026
Risk factors for diaphragmatic dysfunction in mechanically ventilated patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Frontiers in medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objective: To systematically identify and evaluate the risk factors for diaphragmatic dysfunction (DD) in mechanically ventilated patients. Methods: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, and CBM was conducted from database inception through July 2025. Case-control, cohort, and cross-sectional studies reporting risk factors for DD in mechanically ventilated patients were eligible. Two reviewers independently screened records, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager 5.4. Results: Eleven studies comprising 5,272 mechanically ventilated patients were included (7 cohort, 1 case-control, 3 cross-sectional). Meta-analysed risk factors: infection/sepsis (OR = 2.65, 95% CI: 1.32-5.34, Conclusion: Sepsis/infection, disease severity, advanced age, and elevated BMI are independent risk factors for DD in mechanically ventilated patients, whereas adequate nutritional status and preserved muscle strength are protective. Early identification of high-risk patients, nutritional optimisation, and infection control may reduce DD incidence. Systematic review registration: The publicly accessible registration URL is: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD420261302793, this systematic review was registered with PROSPERO under the unique identifier CRD420261302793.
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