Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42596514›Full record

ArticleMicrobial biotechnology2026

Feasibility and Safety of Washed Microbiota Transplantation as Salvage Therapy for Refractory Non-CDI Gut Pathogens in Critically Ill Patients.

Jie Xu, Aoli Diao, Rujun Ai, Xia Wu, Quan Wen, Yuyan Xiao, Xinyi He, You Yu, Zulun Zhang, Yeqing Wang and 3 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial biotechnology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03895593 (Rescue Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Refractory Intestinal Infections), which is not on this map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT03895593 recruitingnot on this map

Rescue Fecal Microbiota Transplantation for Refractory Intestinal Infections: China National Registry

TypeobservationalSponsorThe Second Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityRan2015 to 2029Enrolled100ConditionsIntestinal Infection, Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Antibiotic-associated DiarrheaArmsrescue fecal microbiota transplantation
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Jie XuDepartment of Gastroenterology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9321-9671
Aoli DiaoDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-2857-8931
Rujun AiDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9949-7533
Xia WuDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0959-308X
Quan WenDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5178-3226
Yuyan XiaoDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5000-3806
Xinyi HeDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6960-8025
You YuDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4327-5028
Zulun ZhangDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1440-8130
Yeqing WangPediatric Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5079-8151
Zhihua ZhangDepartment of Digestive, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-0260
Faming ZhangDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4157-1144
Bota CuiDepartment of Microbiota Medicine and Medical Center for Digestive Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8227

Funding

Jiangsu Provincial Health Commission K2023011Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20251961
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Limited treatment options exist for refractory non-Clostridioides difficile infection (non-CDI) of the gut in critically ill patients; whether washed microbiota transplantation (WMT) is feasible and safe in this heterogeneous population is unknown. We retrospectively analysed prospectively registered consecutive cases (NCT03895593) between September 2015 and August 2022, in which severe non-CDI gut pathogens were identified, and rescue WMT was administered after standard treatment failure. Primary outcomes were the clinical outcome and adverse events graded by CTCAE v5.0. Secondary descriptive outcomes were the change in total abdominal symptom score (TASS) on day 7, microbiological clearance, and 12-week survival. Ten patients underwent 29 WMT infusions. Fifty percentage of patients (5/10) obtained clinical cure after WMT. Twenty percentage of patients (2/10) achieved clinical improvement and 30% (3/10) showed no response 7 days after WMT. One transient WMT-related fever occurred (1/29, 3.45%). No serious WMT-attributed events were observed. TASS decreased significantly (p = 0.007). Microbiological clearance was documented in 3 of 4 patients with available post-WMT stool bacteriological test results. This case series provides preliminary evidence supporting the feasibility and potential efficacy of WMT for refractory non-CDI gut pathogens.

Indexed as

Critical IllnessFecal Microbiota TransplantationSalvage TherapyAdultAgedFeasibility StudiesFecesFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment Outcomefaecal microbiota transplantationgut infectiongut microbiotapathogen decolonizationsalvage therapy

Identifiers

PMID42596514
PMCPMC13473751

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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.