Dual-expression-site fowl adenovirus 4 (FAdV-4) with high viral titer: a promising viral vector for multivalent poultry vaccines.

Zhihui Tang, Wenjian Liu, Biao Xu, Dengfei Feng, Shuhui Liu, Wentao Fan, Suquan Song, Liping Yan

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Veterinary research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

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3 · Its place in the literature

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0 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhihui Tang *MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Wenjian Liu *MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Biao XuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Dengfei FengMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Shuhui LiuMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Wentao FanMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.

Suquan SongMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China. suquan.song@njau.edu.cn.

Liping YanMOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Jiangsu Engineering Laboratory of Animal Immunology, Jiangsu Detection Center of Terrestrial Wildlife Disease, Institute of Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China. yanliping@njau.edu.cn.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7054-1510

Funding

China Postdoctoral Science Foundation 2025M773031National Natural Science Foundation of China 32272994Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province BK20251527Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation GZB20250695

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fowl adenovirus serotype 4 (FAdV-4) is a nonenveloped double-stranded DNA virus with a 43-45 kb genome, making it a promising viral vector for developing multivalent poultry vaccines. However, limited genomic studies have hindered the design of strategies for generating recombinant FAdV-4 capable of expressing multiple foreign proteins while maintaining high viral titers. In this study, three deletion mutants (rD14AB, rD2042, rD19A) were generated to assess their roles in viral replication and pathogenicity. Only rD2042 showed impaired replication and virulence compared with wild-type FAdV-4. Foreign gene expression assays demonstrated that the D14AB site had a maximum insertion capacity of 2349 bp, and an SV40 poly(A) signal was required for efficient protein expression and viral propagation at this locus. In contrast, the D19A site tolerated insertions of up to 1257 bp in the absence of this signal. Using the insertion strategy optimized for wild-type CH_JS_2017, we modified the previously reported nonpathogenic rON1 strain (harboring the Hexon gene from the attenuated ON1 strain) to co-express mCherry, eGFP, and mTagBFP2 at the two independent sites. SPF chicken trials verified the safety of the engineered virus at immunization age and the genetic stability of exogenous genes. The recombinant virus maintained wild-type-comparable titers while carrying 3606 bp of total foreign sequences, highlighting its dual-site advantage and potential as a multivalent poultry vaccine vector.

Indexed as

Adenoviridae InfectionsAviadenovirusChickensPoultry DiseasesViral VaccinesAnimalsGenetic VectorsViral Vaccinesforeign gene expressionFowl adenovirus serotype 4multivalent vaccine vector

Identifiers

PMID42596021

DOI10.1186/s13567-026-01820-z

PMCPMC13471547

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.