Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42594281›Full record

ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2026

A tonsil organoid model reveals Epstein-Barr virus-infected germinal center B cell states during primary infection.

Mahina Tabassum Mitul, Yizhe Sun, Timothy B Yates, Suhas Sureshchandra, Jenna M Kastenschmidt, Andrew M Sorn, Zachary W Wagoner, Erika M Joloya, Arjun K Nair, Allyssa Daugherty and 10 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. A tonsil organoid model reveals Epstein-Barr virus-infected germinal center B cell states during primary infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

20 authors.

Mahina Tabassum MitulDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Yizhe SunDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0002-5986-3826
Timothy B YatesDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Suhas SureshchandraDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.ORCID 0000-0002-4141-8564
Jenna M KastenschmidtDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Andrew M SornDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Zachary W WagonerDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Erika M JoloyaDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.
Arjun K NairDepartment of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.ORCID 0000-0002-7894-3143
Allyssa DaughertyDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.ORCID 0000-0001-8428-0422
Naresha SaligramaDepartment of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110.ORCID 0000-0003-2526-7150
Gurpreet AhujaDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868.
Qiu ZhongDivision of Pediatric Otolaryngology, Children's Hospital of Orange County, Orange, CA 92868.
Douglas TraskDepartment of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA 92868.
Carmy ForneyCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
Rui GuoDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0003-4584-1324
Matthew T WeirauchCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.ORCID 0000-0001-7977-9122
Leah C KottyanCincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229.
Benjamin E Gewurz *Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.ORCID 0000-0002-3965-3418
Lisa E Wagar *Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute for Immunology, and Center for Virus Research, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697.ORCID 0000-0001-5980-3586

Funding

Univ.of Calif., Irvine Cancer Center Support GrantP30CA062203 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Melanie Funes · 1994 to 2026
$57.9M
Institute for Clinical and Translational ScienceUM1TR004927 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI DAN M COOPER, Eric J. Vilain · 2024 to 2026
$12.2M
HLA GENE COMPLEMENTATION IN PRIMARY SJOGREN'S AND LUPUSR01AI024717 · NIAID · OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION · PI KOTTYAN, LEAH CLAIRE, WEIRAUCH, MATTHEW TYSON · 1987 to 2025
$7.8M
Tissue Repository CoreP30AR070549 · NIAMS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Leah Claire Kottyan · 2016 to 2026
$7.7M
Binding of Epstein Barr Virus EBNA2 Unifies Multiple Sclerosis Genetic MechanismsR01NS099068 · NINDS · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI Leah Claire Kottyan, Matthew Tyson Weirauch · 2017 to 2026
$4.2M
Epstein-Barr virus LMP1 mediated oncogenicityR01CA228700 · NCI · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Benjamin Elison Gewurz · 2019 to 2026
$3.3M
Virus-driven human gene misregulation in diseaseR01HG010730 · NHGRI · CINCINNATI CHILDRENS HOSP MED CTR · PI WEIRAUCH, MATTHEW TYSON · 2020 to 2023
$2.7M
Investigating protective adaptive immune responses to influenza antigens using human tonsil organoidsR01AI173023 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Lisa Wagar · 2023 to 2026
$2.5M
Epstein-Barr Virus Driven Tonsillar Versus Peripheral B-cell One-Carbon Metabolic Network RemodelingR01DE033907 · NIDCR · BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL · PI Benjamin Elison Gewurz · 2024 to 2026
$1.5M
American Cancer Society (ACS) Discovery Boost GrantAmerican Cancer Society (ACS) PF-23-1144614-01-IBCDHHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) P30AR070549HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI024717HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01AI173023HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01CA228700HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01DE033907HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01HG010730HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) R01NS099068HHS | National Institutes of Health (NIH) UM1 TR004927NCATS NIH HHS UM1 TR004927NCI NIH HHS P30 CA062203NCI NIH HHS R01 CA228700NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG010730NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI024717NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI173023NIAMS NIH HHS P30 AR070549NIDCR NIH HHS R01 DE033907NINDS NIH HHS R01 NS099068Wellcome Leap (Leap) HOPE programWellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) colonizes secondary lymphoid tissues to establish persistent infection and is strongly associated with malignancy and autoimmunity. Our understanding of EBV infection biology is hindered by a lack of models that capture infected B cell activity in the lymphoid tissue microenvironment. We therefore developed an EBV human tonsil organoid model to evaluate key B cell states and antiviral responses, including after primary infection. EBV promoted B cell differentiation into germinal center-like phenotypes and transcriptomic analyses highlighted numerous B cell transcriptional programs unique to EBV-infected cells. B cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed that most EBV

Indexed as

B-LymphocytesEpstein-Barr Virus InfectionsGerminal CenterHerpesvirus 4, HumanOrganoidsPalatine TonsilCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesCell DifferentiationHumansadaptive immunityEpstein–Barr virusgerminal centertonsil organoids

Identifiers

PMID42594281
PMCPMC13486580

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.