ArticleCNS neuroscience & therapeutics2026
Association of Left Angular Gyrus-Right Middle Frontal Gyrus Functional Connectivity With Insomnia Severity in Major Depressive Disorder: Evidence From the DIRECT Consortium.
Article in CNS neuroscience & therapeutics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIdentifying neuroimaging correlates of insomnia severity could provide insights into the underlying biological mechanisms of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, related findings remain inconsistent, and the functional connectivity patterns associated with insomnia severity are unclear.
methodsThis study analyzed resting-state fMRI data from 385 patients with MDD and 336 healthy controls (HCs) sourced from nine sites of the DIRECT Consortium. Patients were stratified into high insomnia (MDDHI; HAMD insomnia subscale ≥ 4, n = 226) and low insomnia (MDDLI; HAMD insomnia subscale ≤ 3, n = 159) groups. Among patients with MDDHI, MDDLI and HCs, we first examined network-level functional connectivity abnormalities using the Craddock 200 atlas, and then local brain function was assessed using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF), regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree centrality (DC). Finally, we adopted multiple analytical approaches to verify the robustness of the significant findings.
resultsCompared to both patients with MDDHI and HCs, patients with MDDLI exhibited significantly reduced functional connectivity between the left angular gyrus (AG) and the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG). Both patients with MDDHI and MDDLI showed significantly decreased ALFF and ReHo values relative to HCs across multiple brain regions, including bilateral angular gyrus/precuneus/cerebellum posterior lobe and so on. For DC, patients with MDDHI showed significantly decreased values relative to HCs in all identified clusters, whereas patients with MDDLI showed significant DC reductions in a subset of these clusters. When these results were validated using multiple analytical approaches, the primary findings remained consistent.
conclusionsReduced functional connectivity between the left AG and the right MFG may be a candidate neuroimaging marker for sleep-related heterogeneity in MDD. However, widespread local brain function abnormalities may reflect core depressive pathology of MDD. These findings advance our understanding of the neurobiology of MDD.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.