ArticleEuropean radiology experimental2026
3-T MRI in vitro characterisation of a SPION-polymer balloon catheter: a proof-of-concept study.
Article in European radiology experimental, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided endovascular interventions represent a radiation-free alternative to x-ray fluoroscopy but remain limited by the lack of compatible and visible instruments. This study aimed to characterise a balloon catheter with polymer-embedded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) as a passive MR-visible marker. MATERIALS AND
methodsThe SPION balloons consisted of a polymer with integrated iron oxide particles. A custom-built phantom study was conducted on a clinical 3-T MRI scanner using a balanced steady-state free precession sequence. Parameters influencing the balloons' imaging properties were evaluated: SPION content (5 weight percent (wt%), 20 wt% and 30 wt%), flip angle (10° to 60°), the balloons' spatial orientation relative to the main magnetic field B
resultsAll SPION-polymer balloons were discernible at 3-T MRI across all tested SPION concentrations. No linear correlation was observed between SPION concentration and artefact dimension, with the intermediate concentration of 20 wt% yielding the smallest artefact size. The balloons' artefact dimensions increased with higher angulations relative to B
conclusionThe SPION-polymer balloons were effectively visualised at 3-T MRI irrespective of orientation and inflation. This in vitro study outlines a proof-of-concept supporting future clinical use of polymer-integrated SPIONs for passive device visualisation in interventional MRI. RELEVANCE STATEMENT: SPION-polymer balloons can be visualised in 3-T MRI, providing a foundation for future MRI-visible interventional instrument designs. KEY POINTS: Visualisation properties of a SPION-polymer balloon catheter were systematically assessed at 3-T MRI to overcome the shortage of MRI-visible instruments. SPION-polymer balloons were effectively visualised across different spatial orientations in the inflated and deflated state. Polymer-integrated SPIONs demonstrate potential as passive instrument markers for MRI-guided interventions.
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