ArticleCanada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada2026
Intraseasonal waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness and implications for the optimal timing of seasonal vaccination programs: A scoping review.
Article in Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Intraseasonal waning of influenza vaccine effectiveness and implications for the optimal timing of seasonal vaccination programs: A scoping review.Canada communicable disease report = Releve des maladies transmissibles au Canada · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Seasonal influenza vaccination programs aim to provide protection before the virus circulation begins. However, vaccine effectiveness (VE) may decline within a single influenza season due to waning immunity, antigenic drift, and season-specific factors, raising questions about optimal vaccination timing. The purpose of this review was to synthesize evidence on intraseasonal waning of seasonal influenza VE and examine the implications and key considerations for optimizing the timing of seasonal vaccination in Canada. Methods: A scoping review was conducted, with searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest Public Health Database that identified studies published from 2010 to June 2024, with an update in July 2025. Eligible studies included clinical trials, observational studies, systematic reviews, and modelling studies reporting at least two VE estimates by time since vaccination within a season or assessing vaccination timing and its impact on influenza outcomes. Results: Forty-nine studies met inclusion criteria, including 37 assessing intraseasonal waning and 12 examining vaccination timing. Overall, VE was generally highest within one to three months post-vaccination and declined over the season (e.g., three to six months post-vaccination). Waning was more consistently observed for influenza A, particularly A(H3N2), and among adults aged 60 years and older. Modelling studies suggested that delaying vaccination could reduce influenza burden under select late-peaking or fast-waning scenarios; however, estimated benefits were generally small and highly sensitive to assumptions. Conclusion: Intraseasonal waning of influenza VE is consistently observed, particularly for influenza A and in older adults, but represents a gradual decline that does not typically undermine season-long effectiveness. Evidence does not support substantial or consistent population-level benefits from delaying vaccination.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.