Rapid photoacoustic trace gas sensor for online end-tidal CO monitoring in exhaled breath.

Xiao Geng, Tianbai Zhao, Qiwen Yu, Xiu Yang, Lei Liu, Yize Liang, Xukun Yin, Huailiang Xu

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In one paragraph

Article in Photoacoustics, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiao GengSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Tianbai ZhaoSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Qiwen YuSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Xiu YangSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Lei LiuSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Yize LiangSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Xukun YinSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Huailiang XuSchool of Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710071, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Online detection of exhaled breath biomarkers has attracted increasing attention because of its noninvasive, real-time, and point-of-care diagnostic potential. End-tidal carbon monoxide (ETCO) is an important breath biomarker associated with smoking behavior, neonatal hemolysis, and cardiovascular diseases. Here, we report a differential photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) sensor for rapid and highly sensitive online ETCO monitoring. A compact 3D-printed dual-channel differential resonant photoacoustic cell (DPAC), with an effective sample volume of only 2.5 mL, was developed to enhance acoustic signal collection while suppressing common-mode noise. The optimized DPAC exhibited an acoustic resonance frequency of 3726.94 Hz, corresponding to a laser current modulation frequency of 1863.47 Hz for second-harmonic detection, with a quality factor of 26. A quantum cascade laser targeting the CO absorption line at 2176.1 cm

Indexed as

3D printing photoacoustic cellEnd-tidal carbon monoxideExhaled breath analysisPhotoacoustic spectroscopyQuantum cascade laser

Identifiers

PMID42591805

DOI10.1016/j.pacs.2026.100865

PMCPMC13462220

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.