ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
Strong catchment-specific structuring of Swedish wastewater microbiomes in a paired two-timepoint metagenomic survey.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Introduction: Wastewater microbial communities integrate signals from human populations, environmental inputs, and sewer infrastructure, but the extent to which these communities vary between wastewater catchments compared with individual sampling occasions remains incompletely understood. Methods: We analyzed influent wastewater from 16 wastewater treatment plant sites across Sweden, collected at two paired within-year timepoints, Week 3 and Week 21, using shotgun metagenomic sequencing and compositional data analysis. Results: Classified genus-level profiles were dominated by bacteria (96.54%), with smaller contributions from viruses (2.03%), eukaryota (1.05%) and archaea (0.40%). Genus-level alpha diversity increased between the two sampled timepoints, with median within-site changes of +10 genera in richness and +0.21 in Shannon diversity ( Discussion: These findings indicate that Swedish influent wastewater microbiomes are strongly catchment-specific across paired sampling timepoints and support the use of site-specific reference profiles when interpreting wastewater metagenomic data. Denser temporal sampling and additional catchment metadata will be needed to assess seasonality, long-term stability, and the local drivers of wastewater microbiome variation.
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