Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42591571›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in microbiology2026

Biology-aware scaling of microalgal biofuels: bioprocess constraints and data-centric digital twins.

Hans Christian Correa-Aguado, Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas, Mario Alberto Arzate-Cárdenas, Ramón Jaramillo-Martínez, Jorge I Galván-Tejada, Carlos E Galván-Tejada, Antonio García-Domínguez, Irma González-Curiel, Karina Trejo-Vázquez

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hans Christian Correa-Aguado *Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas (UPIIZ), Zacatecas, México.
Gloria Viviana Cerrillo-Rojas *Laboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
Mario Alberto Arzate-CárdenasDepartamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes, México.
Ramón Jaramillo-MartínezInstituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria de Ingeniería Campus Zacatecas (UPIIZ), Zacatecas, México.
Jorge I Galván-TejadaCentro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica e Informática, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
Carlos E Galván-TejadaCentro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica e Informática, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
Antonio García-DomínguezCentro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica e Informática, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
Irma González-CurielLaboratorio de Inmunotoxicología, Unidad Académica de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.
Karina Trejo-VázquezCentro de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica e Informática, Unidad Académica de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Universidad Autónoma de Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Microalgal biofuels remain a promising route for renewable fuel production, carbon utilization, wastewater valorization, and the development of a circular bioeconomy. However, their industrial deployment is still limited by the difficulty of translating laboratory performance into robust, economically viable, and environmentally sustainable large-scale systems. This review presents a biology-aware and data-centric perspective that connects biological, engineering, operational, techno-economic, and computational dimensions to address industrial microalgal biofuel scale-up. It focuses on process observability, soft sensors, and the data requirements needed to transform microalgal cultivation into a measurable, modellable, and controllable bioprocess. It further evaluates artificial intelligence, hybrid modeling, uncertainty-aware digital twins, and decision-support systems for improving monitoring, prediction, optimization, and scale-up. Rather than presenting digital twins as autonomous solutions, it demonstrates that their value lies in integrating biological knowledge, heterogeneous data, mechanistic understanding, and uncertainty estimation within human-in-the-loop decision-support frameworks. The available evidence indicates that biological constraints, limited process observability, and insufficient integration of validated data remain the principal barriers to industrial implementation. In contrast, biology-aware, hybrid, and uncertainty-aware digital twins represent the most realistic direction for near-term deployment. Finally, techno-economic and life-cycle implications are discussed to highlight that industrial viability will depend not on a single technological breakthrough, but on the convergence of robust strains, resource-efficient cultivation, circular biorefineries, validated data infrastructures, and biology-informed AI tools. A roadmap for 2026-2036 is proposed to guide the transition of microalgal biofuels from laboratory promise toward industrial relevance. The integrated perspective presented here can guide future research and support the sustainable industrial deployment of microalgal biofuel systems.

Indexed as

biology-aware modelingcircular biorefineriesdigital bioprocessinghybrid modelingmicroalgal cultivationprocess observabilitysoft sensors

Identifiers

PMID42591571
PMCPMC13462399

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.