Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42591535›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cell and developmental biology2026

Beyond KIR and NKG2A blockade: reprogramming NK-cell immunity in solid tumors.

Claudia Pastorino, Michela Falco, Chiara Giordano, Najmeh Zarefeizabadi, Mariangela Rutigliani, Alessio Carbone, Matteo Clavarezza, Fulvia Ortolani, Luca Nanni, Mariella Della Chiesa and 2 more

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cell and developmental biology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Claudia PastorinoDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Michela FalcoDepartment of Services, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy.
Chiara GiordanoDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Najmeh ZarefeizabadiDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Mariangela RutiglianiDepartment of Laboratory and Service - Histological and Anatomical Pathology Unit, E.O. Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
Alessio CarboneOncology Department, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
Matteo ClavarezzaOncology Department, EO Ospedali Galliera, Genoa, Italy.
Fulvia OrtolaniDepartment of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.
Luca NanniU.O. Medicina di Laboratorio, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genoa, Italy.
Mariella Della ChiesaDepartment of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Simona Sivori *Department of Experimental Medicine (DIMES), University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
Simona Carlomagno *Department of Medicine (DMED), University of Udine, Udine, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are uniquely equipped to eliminate transformed cells without prior antigen sensitization, yet their therapeutic potential in solid tumors remains only partially realized. At the center of this paradox lies a complex network of inhibitory pathways, dominated by killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and the CD94/NKG2A axis, which continuously calibrate NK-cell self-tolerance and effector competence. Tumors exploit these regulatory circuits through dynamic remodeling of HLA-I expression: while loss of classical HLA-I impairs CD8

Indexed as

immune checkpointsKIRnatural killer cellsNKG2Asolid tumors

Identifiers

PMID42591535
PMCPMC13461825

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.