ArticleFrontiers in endocrinology2026
Modified clomiphene citrate protocol versus gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocol in
Article in Frontiers in endocrinology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Abstract
Background: The rising prevalence of infertility has substantially increased the demand for Methods: 3,157 patients undergoing IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles using either the CC protocol or the GnRH-ant protocol were matched 1:1 using propensity score matching (PSM) based on female age, basal follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), body mass index (BMI), fertilization method, and sperm source. A total of 1,858 patients (929 per group) were included after matching. Embryological parameters and pregnancy outcomes were compared between the two groups, along with cost-effectiveness and sensitivity analyses. Results: Baseline characteristics were well-balanced after PSM (with almost all standardized mean differences (SMD) < 0.1). The clinical pregnancy rate was comparable between the CC group and the GnRH-ant group (46.26% vs. 41.07%, Conclusions: The modified CC protocol was associated with ovarian stimulation effects and clinical outcomes comparable to those of the GnRH-ant protocol. Furthermore, it represented a more cost-effective ovarian stimulation strategy, significantly reducing treatment costs while maintaining a clinical pregnancy rate comparable to that of the GnRH-ant protocol.
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