Dielectrophoretic Enrichment Coupled with Impedance Spectroscopy for Real-Time Bacterial Detection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Testing Using an Interdigitated Wave Electrode Array.

Zeeshan, Naeem Iqbal

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed

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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

ZeeshanSchool of Computing, Gachon University, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea.

Naeem IqbalCentre for Secure Information Technologies, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT3 9DT, UK.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR), largely driven by the inappropriate and excessive use of antibiotics, requires rapid and reliable bacterial detection and antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST), as conventional culture-based methods remain time-intensive. Here, we report a real-time, label-free interdigitated wave electrode array (IWEA) that combines dielectrophoretic (DEP) enrichment with impedance spectroscopy for rapid bacterial detection and AST. The proposed IWEA was designed and optimized via COMSOL Multiphysics to enhance DEP-relevant electric-field strength, thereby improving DEP-assisted bacterial enrichment compared to conventional planar interdigitated electrodes. The platform enabled sensitive detection of both Gram-positive (

Indexed as

Anti-Bacterial AgentsBacteriaDielectric SpectroscopyElectrophoresisAmpicillinElectrodesEscherichia coliMicrobial Sensitivity TestsStaphylococcus aureusAmpicillinAnti-Bacterial Agentsantibiotic susceptibility testing (AST)dielectrophoresis (DEP)finite element modeling (FEM)Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteriaimpedance spectroscopy (IS)interdigitated wave electrode array (IWEA)

Identifiers

PMID42590762

DOI10.3390/s26154984

PMCPMC13468746

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.