ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2026
BioShield-12: A 3D-Printed Conformal Chest Shield for Wireless 12-Lead ECG Acquisition.
Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Reproducible electrode placement remains a critical, unresolved challenge in wearable ECG systems, where manual electrode attachment introduces inter-session positional error that degrades signal morphology and compromises multi-lead representation. Although the 12-lead clinical ECG system is the gold standard, conventional setups are often bulky, wired, and dependent on operator expertise, limiting their use in prehospital or remote care. Recent advancements in wearable and wireless ECG systems have improved mobility and real-time monitoring, but they typically suffer from limited lead coverage, discomfort, and unstable connectivity. This paper introduces BioShield-12, an anatomically adaptive thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) shield fabricated using fused deposition modeling (FDM) to improve multi-site electrode placement and 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) reconstruction from a single-shield design based on anthropometric data from ten healthy adults (five male, five female; sizing cohort). Mechanical characterization confirmed TPU's suitability as a compliant wearable substrate, with toughness of 34.4 MJ/m
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