ArticlePolymers2026
Structure-Property Relationships in Polyester-Based Polyurethane Foams with Varying Isocyanate Index for Footwear Midsole Applications.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Polyurethane (PU) foams are widely used in footwear midsoles because their cellular structure, density, impact-attenuation capability, and mechanical durability can be tailored through formulation design. In this study, polyester-based PU foams were prepared at different isocyanate indices while keeping the main formulation components constant, and their structure-property relationships were evaluated under midsole-relevant conditions. The samples were characterized by density, tensile and compression testing, standard abrasion wear testing, water absorption, temperature-dependent flexural resistance, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis/derivative thermogravimetry (TGA/DTG), and dry/wet tribometry. FTIR results confirmed the formation of urethane/urea-related linkages and the absence of detectable residual isocyanate groups, whereas DSC indicated broad heat-flow events typical of segmented PU systems, including high-temperature events that should be interpreted together with TGA. TGA/DTG analysis showed similar initial degradation behavior for all formulations; however, the 138-index sample exhibited the highest
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