Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42589822›Full record

ArticlePolymers2026

Sustainable Extraction and Structural Characterization of Cellulose from Spent Coffee Grounds via Combined Ultrasound and Alkali-Urea Pretreatment.

Mae Salman, Lilia Tafran, Idrisa Kiryowa, Pankaj Kumar, Fares Dia Eddine Ghorabe, Raed Alayouni, Tamer M El-Messery, Mohamed Said Boulkrane

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Mae SalmanFaculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.
Lilia TafranFaculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.
Idrisa KiryowaFaculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.ORCID 0009-0007-3178-0424
Pankaj KumarFaculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.ORCID 0009-0005-6533-0558
Fares Dia Eddine GhorabeInfochemistry Scientific Centre, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.ORCID 0009-0002-7705-1722
Raed AlayouniDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Tamer M El-MesseryDepartment of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Said BoulkraneFaculty of Biotechnologies, ITMO University, Lomonosova St. 9, St. Petersburg 191002, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-1204-5041

Funding

Qassim University QU-APC-2026
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The combined pretreatment of ultrasound irradiation, urea, and sodium hydroxide was explored to increase the extraction and delignification of cellulose from spent coffee grounds (SCGs), shortening the extraction time. The impacts of different experimental conditions, namely alkali concentration (5 vs. 10%), urea addition (0 vs. 3%), and ultrasound aid (30 min, 40 kHz, 150 W), on the physicochemical characteristics of the extracted cellulose were determined. The first characteristic of the raw biomass was its high lignin content (30.4%), necessitating a rigorous delignification process. To confirm this, samples were further analyzed by FTIR, XRD, TGA, and SEM. The successful elimination of non-cellulosic material, as indicated by the disappearance of the carbonyl stretch at 1730 cm

Indexed as

cellulose extractionpolymerspent coffee groundssustainableultrasound-assistedureavalorization

Identifiers

PMID42589822
PMCPMC13468379

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.