ArticlePolymers2026
Combined Effects of Simulated Gastric Acid, Coffee Immersion, and Cleaning Procedures on the Surface Topography and Optical Properties of Flowable Resin Composites.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The durability of dental restorations against erosive and staining challenges is crucial for long-term clinical success. Therefore, this in vitro study aimed to investigate the combined effects of sequential simulated gastric acid exposure, coffee immersion, and different cleaning procedures on the surface roughness and color stability of four contemporary flowable resin composites with different filler and matrix characteristics. Ninety-six disk-shaped specimens were fabricated from four resin composites: Omnichroma Flow, G-ænial Universal Injectable, Universal Flo, and EverX Flow. Baseline surface roughness and color coordinates were recorded. Specimens were immersed in 0.06 M hydrochloric acid for 48 h to simulate gastric acid exposure and subsequently immersed in coffee solution for 24 h to simulate staining. Color measurements were performed at baseline, after sequential gastric acid-coffee exposure, and after cleaning procedures. ΔE
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