ArticlePolymers2026
The Use of Bovine Teeth as an Experimental Substrate in the Evaluation of Shear in Contemporary Adhesive Systems.
Article in Polymers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
Evaluating the shear bond strength (SBS) of contemporary universal adhesive systems on different substrates is critical for understanding their clinical applicability. In this study, the SBS of universal adhesives was assessed on 144 human and bovine tooth specimens, comparing enamel and dentin across etch-and-rinse and self-etch protocols. Following single-step or two-step adhesive application and resin cementation, the specimens were subjected to 5000 thermocycles before being evaluated with a universal testing machine. Failure modes and surface morphology were additionally characterized using stereomicroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Statistical analyses revealed that both tissue type (
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