Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42589591›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Transfer RNA Modifications in the Immune System Participate in Disease Pathogenesis.

Xinke Ma, Hejia Gu, Yi Zhang, Hanru Jia, Peiying Li, Yingjia Wang, Jiahui Wu, Aiwei Wu, Jing Wu

Abstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Xinke MaZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Hejia GuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Yi ZhangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Hanru JiaZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Peiying LiZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Yingjia WangZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Jiahui WuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.
Aiwei WuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.ORCID 0000-0001-8531-4815
Jing WuZhejiang Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.ORCID 0000-0002-4677-1340

Funding

2024 Undergraduate Innovation Ability Improvement Project CX20241082025 National College Students innovation and entrepreneurship training program 2025103460722025 National College Students innovation and entrepreneurship training program 202510346079SZhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation LHDMY25H100002
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The human immune system executes immune defense against foreign antigens, immune surveillance against mutant cells, and immune homeostasis to maintain bodily physiological equilibrium. Transfer RNA (tRNA) is an important part of gene expression regulation. Recent studies have found that aberrant tRNA modifications can disturb the function of the immune system by altering translation efficiency, including regulating immune recognition and signal transduction, as well as influencing apoptosis and autophagy. tRNA modifications are also closely related to the development and occurrence of immune-related disorders such as infections, tumors, and autoimmune diseases. By integrating current research on immune-related tRNA modifications, this review systematically summarizes the mechanisms of tRNA modifications involved in three major immune functions and their relationship with related diseases, encompassing the direct regulation of immune cells and the indirect immune effects mediated through tissue or tumor cells. In addition, some tRNA modifications can also modulate immune responses by affecting tRNA cleavage and the consequent generation of tRNA-derived small RNAs (tsRNAs). Accordingly, this review outlines promising intervention targets and unresolved research bottlenecks, facilitating follow-up investigations into tRNA modification-dependent immune regulation and translational therapeutic research.

Indexed as

Immune SystemRNA Processing, Post-TranscriptionalRNA, TransferAnimalsHumansNeoplasmsRNA, Transferimmune defenseimmune homeostasisimmune-related diseasesimmune surveillanceinterventiontRNA modification

Identifiers

PMID42589591
PMCPMC13467189

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.