Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42589353›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2026

Immature Neurons in the Postnatal Brain: Markers, Modulation, and Involvement in Normal and Aberrant Plasticity.

Viacheslav Riga, Victor Aniol, Natalia Gulyaeva

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Viacheslav RigaDepartment of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Butlerov Street 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-7102-4435
Victor AniolDepartment of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Butlerov Street 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-6726-142X
Natalia GulyaevaDepartment of Functional Biochemistry of the Nervous System, Institute of Higher Nervous Activity and Neurophysiology, RAS, Butlerov Street 5A, Moscow 117485, Russia.ORCID 0000-0002-5380-7954

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Cortical immature neurons (cINs) represent a unique population of prenatally generated, non-dividing neurons that maintain an immature phenotype, characterized by doublecortin (DCX) and polysialylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA-NCAM) expression, into adulthood. Unlike canonical adult neurogenesis involving continuous neuron generation from stem cell niches, cINs constitute a distinct form of structural plasticity termed "neurogenesis without division". This review comprehensively examines the molecular markers, morphological diversity, developmental origins, and maturation trajectories of cINs across species. We highlight the striking inverse interspecies relationship between cIN abundance and canonical adult neurogenesis, reflecting distinct biophysical and structural shifts in neural plasticity mechanisms across mammalian lineages. Furthermore, we discuss factors modulating cIN phenotype, including neurotransmitter systems, stress, sensory experience, and aging. Clinical evidence implicating cIN alterations in temporal lobe epilepsy, traumatic brain injury, and stroke is evaluated, revealing potential roles in both pathological circuit remodeling and endogenous repair. Critical gaps remain regarding the molecular programs maintaining immaturity, differentiation triggers, and the functional consequences of circuit integration. Understanding cIN biology offers new perspectives on cortical plasticity and may inform therapeutic strategies targeting endogenous cellular reserves for brain repair.

Indexed as

BrainNeural Stem CellsNeurogenesisNeuronal PlasticityNeuronsAnimalsBiomarkersDoublecortin ProteinHumansNeural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1NeurodevelopmentSialic AcidsBiomarkersDCX protein, humanDoublecortin ProteinNeural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1polysialyl neural cell adhesion moleculeSialic AcidsDCXepilepsyevolutionneocortexneurogenesisneuronal developmentneuronal precursorspiriform cortexPSA-NCAMstructural plasticity

Identifiers

PMID42589353
PMCPMC13466535

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.