ReviewAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI2026
Sand Enteropathy-What We Know So Far and Why There Is Still So Much to Learn.
Review in Animals : an open access journal from MDPI, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Sand enteropathy describes pathophysiological conditions of the equine gastrointestinal tract due to the uptake and accumulation of sand. It is an increasingly recognized cause of gastrointestinal disease in arid geographic areas. Clinical signs can vary widely from colic, fever and inappetence to poor performance. Diagnosis based solely on clinical signs is nearly impossible. The current literature describes a variety of diagnostic aids, with radiographic imaging considered the gold standard. Therapeutic approaches aim at the evacuation of sand from the abdomen. This can be achieved by the administration of psyllium in connection with a laxative via nasogastric intubation. Several studies describe varying laxatives such as mineral oil or sodium-/magnesium sulphate. This narrative review includes 39 publications up to the year 2026. We aim to raise awareness among practicing veterinarians and highlight new research objectives to improve knowledge and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases related to sand accumulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.