Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42588736›Full record

ArticleCancers2026

Reduced-Dose Regorafenib for Recurrent Glioblastoma: A Safety and Outcome Analysis.

Massimiliano Domenico Rizzaro, Claudia Fanizzi, Giorgio Fiore, Luigi Gianmaria Remore, Guido Del Vecchio, Elena Scagliotti, Giovanni Pratelli, Stefano Borsa, Stefania Elena Navone, Ilaria Bertorelli and 5 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Massimiliano Domenico RizzaroDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0005-6008-7579
Claudia FanizziNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5560-036X
Giorgio FioreNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4550-3675
Luigi Gianmaria RemoreNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-4118-9009
Guido Del VecchioNeuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Elena ScagliottiNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0004-9102-7547
Giovanni PratelliDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Stefano BorsaNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7393-892X
Stefania Elena NavoneCenter for Aerospace Medicine and Advanced Therapies-CeMATA-Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0097-9146
Ilaria BertorelliDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Luca Enrico SironiDepartment of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Gabriella RodaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Giovanni MarfiaCenter for Aerospace Medicine and Advanced Therapies-CeMATA-Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Unit of Neurosurgery, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-5849-7000
Manuela CaroliNeurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
Marco LocatelliDepartment of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

BACKGROUND/

objectivesRecurrent glioblastoma has a poor prognosis and no universally accepted standard of care. Regorafenib has been investigated in this setting, but its use may be limited by treatment-related toxicity. This study evaluated the feasibility, safety, and clinical outcomes of reduced-dose regorafenib in patients with recurrent IDH-wildtype glioblastoma.

methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 21 patients with recurrent IDH-wildtype glioblastoma (WHO 2021) treated at a single center after progression according to the Stupp protocol. Regorafenib was started at 80 mg/day on the standard 3-weeks-on/1-week-off schedule. We assessed overall survival from diagnosis (OS1) and from first progression (OS2), progression-free survival from diagnosis (PFS1) and from first progression (PFS2), treatment exposure, dose modifications, and treatment-related adverse events (CTCAE v5.0).

resultsMedian PFS2 was 5 months (95% CI, 3-8), median OS2 was 6 months (95% CI, 5-10), and median OS1 was 21 months (95% CI, 15-27). No grade ≥ 3 adverse events occurred, and no patient discontinued treatment permanently because of toxicity.

conclusionsIn this retrospective single-center cohort, reduced-dose regorafenib was feasible and well tolerated in selected patients. These descriptive, hypothesis-generating findings warrant prospective studies to define the role of individualized regorafenib dosing in recurrent glioblastoma.

Indexed as

recurrent glioblastomareduced doseregorafenibtreatment tolerability

Identifiers

PMID42588736
PMCPMC13466203

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.