ArticleCancers2026
HPV Genotype Landscape in Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Across Primary, Recurrent, and Metastatic Tumor Specimens.
Article in Cancers, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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7 authors.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND/
objectivesAnal squamous cell carcinoma (SCCA) is an HPV-driven malignancy with rising incidence, yet systematic HPV genotyping across recurrences and metastases is lacking. We characterized the complete HPV genotype distribution across the disease course.
methodsWe retrospectively analyzed 213 tumor specimens from 136 patients (82 female, 54 male) with histologically confirmed SCCA, spanning primary, recurrent, and metastatic disease (2009-2019 and from 2020 onwards). Patients contributed one or more specimens depending on the number of sampled disease events; specimens comprised 138 primary biopsies, 55 recurrence biopsies, 2 re-recurrence biopsies, and 18 distant metastases. HPV genotyping was conducted using a validated 28-type multiplex real-time PCR assay (Anyplex™ II HPV28, Seegene Inc.).
resultsHPV DNA was detected in 179/213 specimens (84.0%; 95% CI 78.9-88.7) and 125/136 patients (91.9%; 95% CI 86.8-96.3). Across 269 HPV type detections, 24 distinct types were identified, with HPV 16 predominating both per-specimen (90.5%) and per-detection (60.2%) values. Non-HPV-16/18 high-risk types accounted for one in four high-risk detections (54/219; 24.7%; 95% CI 19.4-30.8). HPV positivity differed significantly by specimen type: 90.6% in primary biopsies versus 70.9% in recurrences (
conclusionsSCCA harbors a substantially broader HPV type spectrum than previously recognized. One in four high-risk detections lies beyond HPV 16/18, and high-risk types other than HPV 16 were the sole high-risk genotype detected in individual metastatic specimens. HPV positivity rates are significantly lower across specimen types, while the metastatic type spectrum converges on a few high-risk genotypes. Broad-spectrum HPV genotyping beyond types 16 and 18 warrants adoption as standard practice in SCCA diagnostics and surveillance, and potential stratification for HPV-directed therapies.
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