ReviewMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2026
Intravaginal Formulation Strategies for Vaginal Disorders: Optimizing Phytochemical and Biological Preparations-A Review.
Review in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
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Abstract
Recurrent vaginal disorders remain a significant clinical challenge despite available antimicrobial and hormonal therapies. Therefore, natural, probiotic, and biological intravaginal preparations have been investigated as locally delivered adjunctive or supportive approaches for infectious, inflammatory, and atrophic vaginal conditions, with growing attention to how dosage form, mucosal retention, drug release, and patient acceptability influence clinical utility. This structured narrative review of 119 studies across six databases synthesizes clinical evidence for phytochemical-based and biological intravaginal preparations, organized into five formulation categories: creams and gels, suppositories and vaginal tablets, douches and washes, probiotic preparations, and combined phytochemical-biological preparations. Across formulation types, creams and gels were associated with application convenience and local symptom relief, whereas suppositories and vaginal tablets offered longer mucosal contact, dosing precision, and sustained exposure. Herbal intravaginal preparations were the most diverse, encompassing traditional medicine-derived creams, gels, suppositories, tablets, washes, and fumigation-based approaches. Among these,
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