Explainable Machine Learning Reveals Pattern-Specific Drivers of Depression in Middle-Aged and Older Adults with Multimorbidity: A Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study from CHARLS.

Yongze Zhao, Munhin Choi, Nansi Li, Qingyu Qiao, Junming Chen, Zhaokai Huang, Ying Bian

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yongze ZhaoState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, N22 Building, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0009-0005-3561-6790

Munhin ChoiFaculty of Health and Wellness, City University of Macau, Avenida Padre Tomás Pereira, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.

Nansi LiDepartment of Language Science and Technology, Faculty of Humanities, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China.

Qingyu QiaoPeking University First Hospital, No. 8 XiShiku Street, Xicheng District, Beijing 100034, China.

Junming ChenState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, N22 Building, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.

Zhaokai HuangState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, N22 Building, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.

Ying BianState Key Laboratory of Mechanism and Quality of Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, N22 Building, Avenida da Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR 999078, China.ORCID 0000-0002-1716-2925

Funding

Science and Technology Development Fund 0002/2025/NRP, 0008/2025/EQP

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

Indexed as

depressive symptomsmachine learningmultimorbidity patternsShapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP)

Identifiers

PMID42588309

DOI10.3390/healthcare14152341

PMCPMC13466120

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata

Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.