ReviewNutrients2026
Iodine and Its Impact on the Immune System of Humans and Domesticated Mammals: A Narrative Review.
Review in Nutrients, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for coordinating thyroid hormone synthesis, growth, neurodevelopment, metabolism, and immune function across humans and domesticated mammals. Molecular iodine can act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-proliferative agent in several tissues, but these mechanistic effects require confirmation in well-designed human studies. Recommended intakes fall within a narrow optimal range, reflecting a U-shaped response curve in which adequate intake supports systemic homeostasis, while both deficient and excessive intakes can impact immune function. Chronic deficiency impairs neurodevelopment and reproductive performance and weakens the host microbial defences, while sustained excess promotes oxidative stress, alters cytokine profiles, and in genetically susceptible individuals, increases the risk of subclinical or overt thyroid dysfunction and autoimmune thyroid disease. This review summarizes iodine nutrikinetics, dose-dependent outcomes and susceptibility in humans and domesticated mammalian species, emphasizing the importance of maintaining appropriate iodine status to support immunocompetence while minimizing adverse effects.
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