Physicochemical Characterization and Immunomodulatory Effect of Melanoidins from Vinegar Residue.

Qidan Chen, Nannan Zhang, Yuxuan Yang, Yue Yu, Changying Wang, Deyang Li, Yixie Chen, Man Zhao, Ting Xia

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

0citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Qidan ChenSchool of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3397-4883

Nannan ZhangTianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.

Yuxuan YangSchool of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.

Yue YuTianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.

Changying WangSchool of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.

Deyang LiSchool of Life Sciences, Zhuhai College of Science and Technology, Zhuhai 519041, China.

Yixie ChenTianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.

Man ZhaoTianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.

Ting XiaTianjin Engineering Research Center of Microbial Metabolism and Fermentation Process Control, College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China.ORCID 0000-0002-8367-3758

Funding

Guangdong Province Key Discipline Research Capability Enhancement Project No. S202513684037Guangdong Provincial Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship No. S202513684037

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There is currently a need for high-value applications of vinegar residue, a major byproduct generated during vinegar production, in order to benefit the environment and economic development. Melanoidins exist in vinegar residue as brown and bioactive macromolecules which are produced during the vinegar brewing process. However, the physicochemical characteristics and potential immunomodulatory activity of melanoidins from vinegar residue (VRM) have yet to be clarified. In this study, VRM exhibited structural heterogeneity, with a molecular weight of 9005.42 Da. Carbohydrates were the dominant component, accounting for 57.86 ± 3.36% (

Indexed as

antioxidant capacityimmunomodulatory activitymelanoidinsphysicochemical characterizationvinegar residue

Identifiers

PMID42587867

DOI10.3390/foods15152607

PMCPMC13465938

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.