Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42587303›Full record

ArticleBiomarker research2026

Clinical implications of serum GDF15 propeptide as a biomarker for bone metastasis across common solid tumors: a real-world multi-institutional study.

Gaku Yamamichi, Taigo Kato, Atsuki Matsukawa, Nanae Masunaga, Haruhiko Hirata, Jun Okuno, Norihiko Kawamura, Kei Kunimasa, Ikumi Seto, Takanori Kin and 18 more

Abstract readLetter
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Biomarker research, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

28 authors.

Gaku YamamichiDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Taigo KatoDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan. kato@uro.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Atsuki MatsukawaDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Nanae MasunagaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Haruhiko HirataDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Jun OkunoDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Norihiko KawamuraDepartment of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Kei KunimasaDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3- 1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Ikumi SetoDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Takanori KinDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Kentaro MasuhiroDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Shinya SatoMolecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
Shohei MyobaBioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, 2743-1 Hayakawa, Ayase, Kanagawa, 252-1123, Japan.
Shinobu IkedaMedical Center for Translational Research, Department of Medical Innovation, The University of Osaka Hospital, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Takeshi UjikeDepartment of Urology, Osaka Rosai Hospital, 1179-3, Nagasonetyo, Kita- ku, Sakai, Osaka, 591-8025, Japan.
Yu IshizuyaDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Takuji HayashiDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Yoshiyuki YamamotoDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Koji HatanoDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Atsunari KawashimaDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Yohei MiyagiMolecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, 2-3-2, Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 241-8515, Japan.
Motohide UemuraDepartment of Urology, Iwase General Hospital, 20 Kitamachi, Sukagawa, Fukushima, 962-8503, Japan.
Kazumi NishinoDepartment of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3- 1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Takahiro NakayamaDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Masashi NakayamaDepartment of Urology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
Yoshito TakedaDepartment of Respiratory Medicine and Clinical Immunology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Kenzo ShimazuDepartment of Breast and Endocrine Surgery, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-15 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Norio NonomuraDepartment of Urology, The University of Osaka Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.

Funding

Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (20K23002, 21K09396, 24K12436)Japan Society for the Promotion of Science KAKENHI (22H04923 (CoBiA))
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bone metastasis (BM) frequently occurs in various types of cancer, particularly in prostate (PCa), breast (BCa), renal (RCC), and lung cancers (LCa), yet no reliable biomarker has been established. In this study, we evaluated the clinical utility of serum growth differentiation factor 15 propeptide (sGDPP), secreted by both osteoblasts and osteoclasts, as a diagnostic biomarker for BM across common solid tumors. A total of 799 participants were enrolled, including 107 healthy donors, 242 patients with PCa, 113 patients with BCa, 159 patients with RCC, and 178 patients with LCa. Among the cancer patients, 398 had no BM and 294 had BM. The diagnostic performance for BM was compared among conventional biomarkers: alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), estimated glomerular filtration rate, osteocalcin, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b, procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide (PⅠNP), and sGDPP. Among all patients, ALP, LDH, PⅠNP, and sGDPP levels were significantly higher in patients with BM than in those without BM. Particularly, sGDPP showed the highest area under the curve values (0.91 in PCa, 0.80 in BCa, 0.81 in RCC, and 0.51 in LCa). Multivariate analysis showed sGDPP is an independent diagnostic biomarker for BM in PCa, BCa, and RCC (p < 0.01). Additionally, sGDPP in patients with osteoporosis did not significantly differ from that in healthy donors, suggesting that sGDPP increases only when tumor cells seed and proliferate in the bones. Overall, sGDPP demonstrated superior diagnostic performance compared to conventional biomarkers and may complement imaging tests in detecting BM.

Indexed as

Bone metastasisBone microenvironmentBone turnover markerGrowth differentiation factor 15 propeptidePan-cancer biomarker

Identifiers

PMID42587303
PMCPMC13465293

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.