Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42586727›Full record

ArticleBMJ open2026

Optimizing liver disease screening and surveillance in remote Indigenous Australian communities: the SSOLID study protocol for multi-methodology research.

Tamara Mackean, Shane D'Angelo, Michael Larkin, Cath Brown, Greg Pratt, Patricia C Valery, Richard Woodman, Jonathan Karnon, Linda Medlin, Joshua Riessen and 17 more

Abstract readClinical Trial Protocol
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in BMJ open, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

27 authors.

Tamara MackeanCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia tamara.mackean@flinders.edu.au.
Shane D'AngeloCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Michael LarkinFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Cath BrownQIMR Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Greg PrattCentral Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Patricia C ValeryQIMR Berghofer, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
Richard WoodmanCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Jonathan KarnonCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Linda MedlinCentral Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Rockhampton, Queensland, Australia.
Joshua RiessenAboriginal Health Service of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Melissa CarrollRoyal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia.
Jessica HowellDepartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VCCC, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
Gary JeffreyUniversity of Western Australia, Geraldton, Western Australia, Australia.
Michael NugentUmoona Tjutagku Health Service, Coober Pedy, South Australia, Australia.
Terrie IvanhoeNganampa Health Council, Ciccone, Northern Territory, Australia.
Rochelle MenziesRoyal Flying Doctor Service of Australia (Western Operations), Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
Leon AdamsSir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.
Greg BirdIndigenous Australian Consumer Advocate, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Kirsty CampbellRoyal Darwin Hospital, Casuarina, Northern Territory, Australia.
Melanie DurdenPormpuraaw Primary Health Care Centre, Pormpuraaw, Queensland, Australia.
Kelli OwenFaculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Rae-Lin HuangNganampa Health Council, Ciccone, Northern Territory, Australia.
Iain EverrettNganampa Health Council, Ciccone, Northern Territory, Australia.
Cara SheppardPuntukurnu Aboriginal Medical Service, Newman, Western Australia, Australia.
Damian RiessenUmoona Tjutagku Health Service, Coober Pedy, South Australia, Australia.
Sumudu K NarayanaCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1215-8388
Alan WiggCollege of Medicine and Public Health and Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionRecognising and acting on the connection to Country as a determinant of Indigenous peoples' well-being is necessary to improve health inequities. Indigenous Australians experience a greater burden of chronic liver disease and poorer outcomes due to ongoing impacts of colonisation across determinants of health. This is exacerbated by a gradient in health outcomes based on remoteness, lack of specialist healthcare services and barriers to access. Our research aims to explore better ways to provide chronic liver disease screening and surveillance for very remote Indigenous Australian communities using non-invasive technologies On-Country. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Using an innovative combination of Indigenous and Quantitative research methodologies, this project involves 11 communities across four very remote sites in South Australia and Western Australia. The study comprises three parts: (1) site engagement with Aboriginal health services and remote communities; (2) a 12-month liver check (screening) phase and (3) a 24-month liver monitoring (surveillance) phase. The liver monitoring phase will use a stepped-wedge randomised controlled trial design where sites will have usual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) monitoring for a period of between 6 and 18 months and then On-Country monitoring for a period of between 6 and 18 months depending on treatment-sequence allocation. Recommended HCC monitoring involves 6 monthly liver ultrasounds and serum alpha-fetoprotein as per the site's usual care processes, where participants travel to regional centres for liver ultrasound. On-Country monitoring will involve liver ultrasound and serum tumour markers provided On-Country every 6 months. The primary outcome is the difference in adherence to surveillance On-Country compared with usual care. In addition to statistical and health economic methods, yarning circles have been incorporated to explore participant experiences, their knowledge of liver disease and views about the On-Country monitoring. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study was granted ethics approval from the relevant national and state Aboriginal Health Research Ethics Committees. Findings will be reported to all participants and will be disseminated to the broader community and local health services. Translation of outcomes will be supported by key Indigenous Australian and healthcare stakeholders, including peak health bodies and consumer groups. Dissemination with the academic community will be through peer-reviewed publications and presentations at relevant conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12625000256471.

Indexed as

Carcinoma, HepatocellularHealth Services, IndigenousLiver DiseasesLiver NeoplasmsMass ScreeningFemaleHumansPopulation SurveillanceResearch DesignSouth AustraliaWestern AustraliaAustralian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander PeoplesChronic DiseaseHealth EquityHepatology

Identifiers

PMID42586727
PMCPMC13475076

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.