ArticleJournal of veterinary internal medicine2026
Evaluation of plasma kynurenine 3-monooxygenase and Ki-67 as screening biomarkers for neoplasia in dogs.
Article in Journal of veterinary internal medicine, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
backgroundEarly detection of tumors might prolong the survival of dogs. Kynurenine 3-monooxygenase (KMO) and Ki-67 are tumor biomarkers, but few studies have described the clinical value of KMO and Ki-67 in veterinary medicine. HYPOTHESIS/
objectivesThis study aims to compare the activity of KMO and the concentration of Ki-67 between healthy dogs and dogs with neoplasms. ANIMALS: A total of 162 dogs with different types of tumors were included. Forty-six tumor-free individuals were included as the control group.
methodsThis is a case-control study. Dogs with neoplasms, confirmed through medical record review, were recruited. The primary outcomes were the plasma concentrations of KMO and Ki-67, along with their diagnostic efficacy.
resultsExpression levels of KMO were significantly higher in dogs with neoplasms (median, 2.02 ng/mL; IQR, 1.03-3.65) than in tumor-free individuals (median, 0.69 ng/mL; IQR, 0.23-1.18; P < .0001). The values of Ki-67 were higher in dogs with neoplasms (median, 4.28 ng/mL; IQR, 3.75-4.84) than in the control group (median, 3.80 ng/mL; IQR, 3.31-4.43; P < .05). No significant correlation was found between KMO and Ki-67 concentrations (R2 = 0.003, P = .48) in the tested samples and 50.6% (82/162) of dogs exhibited inconsistent results. The area under the ROC curve for KMO and Ki-67 were 0.837 and 0.644. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPORTANCE: This study presents that KMO is an effective biomarker and Ki-67 is an adjunctive marker. While lacking standalone diagnostic utility, Ki-67 reflects systemic tumor biology and complements biomarkers such as KMO.
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