Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42585339›Full record

ArticleScience advances2026

Photonic time crystals assisted by quasi-bound states in the continuum.

Puneet Garg, Evangelos Almpanis, Leander Zimmer, Jan David Fischbach, Xuchen Wang, Mohammad S Mirmoosa, Markus Nyman, Nikolaos Stefanou, Nikolaos Papanikolaou, Viktar Asadchy and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Science advances, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Puneet GargInstitute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-7262-3085
Evangelos AlmpanisSection of Condensed Matter Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens 15784, Greece.ORCID 0000-0001-8128-3118
Leander ZimmerInstitute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.ORCID 0009-0009-2977-2390
Jan David FischbachInstitute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.ORCID 0009-0003-8765-8920
Xuchen WangCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street 145, Harbin 150001, China.ORCID 0000-0002-5997-1130
Mohammad S MirmoosaDepartment of Physics and Mathematics, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistokatu 7, Joensuu 80101, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-4989-7651
Markus NymanInstitute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9661-6461
Nikolaos StefanouSection of Condensed Matter Physics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis, Athens 15784, Greece.ORCID 0000-0003-1264-472X
Nikolaos PapanikolaouInstitute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, NCSR "Demokritos", Patriarchou Gregoriou and Neapoleos Str., Ag. Paraskevi, Athens 15310, Greece.ORCID 0000-0002-4288-6132
Viktar AsadchyDepartment of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, Maarintie 8, Espoo 02150, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9840-4737
Carsten RockstuhlInstitute of Theoretical Solid State Physics, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Kaiserstrasse 12, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-5868-0526

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Photonic time crystals (PTCs) are characterized by the rapid modulation of the material properties in time, causing a momentum bandgap for light. However, the observation of these bandgaps at optical frequencies remains elusive as the necessary temporal modulation amplitudes to show notable momentum bandgaps are relatively high, inaccessible with available materials. While it has been known that structuring PTCs at the subwavelength scale can improve the bandgap size, we push this concept to the extreme by leveraging the nanophotonic toolbox. Specifically, we demonstrate that structures composed of scatterers supporting quasi-bound states in the continuum can substantially reduce the required modulation amplitudes by enhancing the interaction time between light and time-varying matter. This allows us to observe noticeable momentum bandgaps despite the weak temporal modulation. Our approach bridges the concepts of bound states in the continuum and time-varying metamaterials, paving the way toward realizable PTCs at optical frequencies.

Identifiers

PMID42585339
PMCPMC13464636

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.