Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42585298›Full record

ArticleDiabetes care2026

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Subtypes and Maternal Cardiometabolic Outcomes 10-14 Years After Delivery.

Christine Field, William A Grobman, Jiqiang Wu, Alan Kuang, Mark B Landon, Denise Scholtens, William Lowe, Nilay S Shah, Jami Josefson, Sadiya Khan and 1 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Diabetes care, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Christine FieldDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.ORCID 0000-0001-8206-5235
William A GrobmanDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI.
Jiqiang WuDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Alan KuangDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Mark B LandonDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.
Denise ScholtensDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
William LoweDepartment of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.ORCID 0000-0001-9467-3422
Nilay S ShahDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Jami JosefsonDepartment of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.
Sadiya KhanDepartment of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.ORCID 0000-0003-0643-1859
Kartik K VenkateshDivision of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.ORCID 0000-0002-8043-556X

Funding

PRegnancy OuTcomEs and subclinical Cardiovascular disease sTudy: (PROTECT)R01HL161514 · NHLBI · NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY AT CHICAGO · PI Sadiya Sana Khan · 2022 to 2026
$3.3M
American Diabetes AssociationCare Innovation and Community Improvement Program at The Ohio State UniversityEunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human DevelopmentNHLBI NIH HHS HL161514NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL161514NIDDK NIH HHS
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveThe association of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) subtypes with maternal cardiometabolic health is not known. We examined whether GDM subtypes were differentially associated with cardiometabolic health 10-14 years after delivery. RESEARCH DESIGN AND

methodsWe used data from the prospective Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome Follow-Up Study. The exposure was GDM subtype (insulin deficient, insulin resistant, mixed defect, unclassified). The outcomes were prediabetes or diabetes and, secondarily, hypertension, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, and predicted cardiovascular disease.

resultsOf 4,693 women, 3.0% had insulin-deficient, 9.0% insulin-resistant, 1.6% mixed-defect, and 0.7% unclassified GDM. Compared with no GDM, all GDM subtypes except unclassified were associated with higher risk of prediabetes or diabetes (adjusted risk ratios 2.14-2.88), metabolic syndrome, and predicted cardiovascular disease. Only insulin-resistant GDM was associated with dyslipidemia.

conclusionsAll GDM subtypes were associated with an increased risk of prediabetes or diabetes, metabolic syndrome, and high predicted cardiovascular disease 10-14 years after delivery.

Indexed as

Diabetes, GestationalAdultCardiovascular DiseasesDyslipidemiasFemaleHumansInsulin ResistanceMetabolic SyndromePrediabetic StatePregnancy

Identifiers

PMID42585298
PMCPMC13594788

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.