ArticleAmerican journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities2026
Functional Limitations Reported Among U.S. Adults With Intellectual Disability Participating in Special Olympics: A Comparative Analysis to the General Population.
Article in American journal on intellectual and developmental disabilities, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
The Washington Group Short Set on Functioning (WG-SS) allows for the identification of functional limitations across severity levels. Incorporating the WG-SS into Special Olympics (SO) surveys serves to understand functional support needs and inform SO programming for people with intellectual disability. This study examined functioning using both a restrictive and a broad definition of limitation among 525 U.S. SO athletes who completed an online survey in 2022. Self- and proxy-reported outcomes were compared to National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) estimates. Nearly a quarter of SO athletes (24.2%) reported any functional limitation under the restricted definition, while over three quarters (82.1%) reported limitations under the broad definition. Differences emerged between self- and proxy-reported data. Compared with NHIS age-adjusted estimates, SO athletes had higher prevalence ratios across all six domains, including self-care (PR = 12.93) and communication (PR = 11.21). These findings underscore functional diversity among SO athletes and inform programming and disability surveillance.
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