ArticleFolia microbiologica2026
Protective effects of bismuth hydroxide against hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli.
Article in Folia microbiologica, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) is a major cause of foodborne disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS), a severe condition for which no specific therapies are currently available. The major virulence factor of STEC is Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2), which is encoded by the Stx2-converting bacteriophage 933 W used in this study, and phage induction plays a central role in toxin release and disease progression.In this study, we evaluated the protective in vivo effects of bismuth hydroxide gel (BHOG), a low-cost gastrointestinal compound with previously described antimicrobial and anti-toxin activities, in a murine model of STEC infection driven by the Stx2-converting bacteriophage 933 W. Mice treated with BHOG showed significantly higher survival rates compared than untreated controls (P = 0.0115), together with preservation of renal function, evidenced by significantly lower blood urea nitrogen and plasma urea levels (P < 0.05). Histological analysis demonstrated significantly reduced intestinal and renal tissues damage in treated animals compared with untreated controls. Overall, our findings provide in vivo evidence supporting a protective effect of BHOG against Shiga toxin-mediated disease. This study suggests that bismuth-based compounds may represent a potential adjunct to, or an alternative strategy for, the management of STEC-associated disease.
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