ArticleClinical oral investigations2026
Patterns and characteristics of metachronous distant metastases in patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma - A cohort analysis.
Article in Clinical oral investigations, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectivesDistant metastases (DMs) are a significant prognostic factor in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study analyzed the pattern and predictors of metachronous DMs (MDMs) over time in a large OSCC cohort treated with curative intent. MATERIALS AND
methodsA total of 1,122 patients with primary OSCC were treated at the University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf between 2009 and 2019. After excluding patients with synchronous metastases or palliative treatment, 1,040 patients remained for analysis.
resultsOf these, 93 patients (8.94%) developed MDMs. The lungs were the most frequent site (n = 64), followed by bone (n = 26), thoracic lymph nodes (n = 19), and liver (n = 17). The estimated mean time to MDM was approximately 430 days. In patients with late-onset metastasis (≥ 24 months), the lung was most often the sole site involved. Multiple metastatic sites were observed in 40.86% of cases. Cox regression analysis identified several independent factors associated with early metachronous dissemination (≤ 12 months after diagnosis): pN2c nodal status (HR 10.778, 95% CI 1.123-103.405, p = 0.039), age < 60 years (HR 3.626, 95% CI 1.048-12.547, p = 0.042), and treatment with surgery plus adjuvant radiochemotherapy (HR 20.025, 95% CI 1.954-205.232, p = 0.012).
conclusionThe occurrence of MDMs was observed in around 10% of OSCC patients. Early metachronous dissemination was associated with pN2c, age < 60 years and combination therapy. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: These findings support a time- and pattern-dependent model of distant dissemination in OSCC and may inform risk-adapted surveillance and treatment strategies.
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