ArticleBioMed research international2026
Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates From Outpatient Carriages and Clinical Infections in an Urban Setting.
Article in BioMed research international, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Comparative Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Enterobacteriaceae Isolates From Outpatient Carriages and Clinical Infections in an Urban Setting.BioMed research international · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E) in community and hospital settings constitute a major public health challenge, particularly in densely populated urban areas. Although antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates has been repeatedly studied, resistance profiles of intestinal carriage strains remain scarcely reported, despite their potential role as important reservoirs of resistance genes. An integrated approach including both carriage and clinical isolates is therefore necessary to better understand antimicrobial resistance dynamics.
objectiveThis study is aimed at comparing the antibiotic resistance profiles of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from intestinal carriage in outpatients and those from clinical infections.
methodsA total of 196 strains, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae, were analyzed, comprising 60 carriage isolates and 136 clinical isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method according to CA-SFM guidelines. Resistance profiles were classified as multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), or pandrug-resistant (PDR) based on the criteria of Magiorakos et al., and the multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was calculated.
resultsOverall, a high prevalence of MDR strains was observed (86.73%) in both groups, with distinct resistance patterns depending on the source. Carriage strains showed higher resistance to cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, monobactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides (MAR index: 0.76 ± 0.09), whereas clinical strains exhibited increased resistance to aminoglycosides and carbapenems (MAR index: 0.65 ± 0.18). XDR (6.12%) and PDR (1.02%) phenotypes were mainly identified among clinical isolates.
conclusionThese findings emphasize the role of intestinal carriage as a reservoir of antimicrobial resistance and support the need for integrated community-hospital surveillance strategies in urban settings.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.