Restorin

Introduction: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is vital for maintaining normal cellular function. Aging-associated NAD+ decline is linked to the onset and progression of age-related diseases. Consequently, oral supplementation of NAD+ precursors has been shown to improve disease-relevant phenotypes and physiological outcomes in model organisms. Among NAD+ precursors, nicotinamide riboside (NR) has attracted interest owing to its potent in vivo NAD+ biosynthetic activity. However, NR exhibits poor stability in the circulatory system. Thus, there is considerable interest in discovering effective NAD+ precursor forms that can address these limitations. Here, we report Restorin NR, a proprietary crystalline form of NR fumarate, as a novel NAD+ enhancer. Methods: The current study was performed to compare the effectiveness of three different NAD+ precursors, including nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), NR chloride, and Restorin NR in boosting NAD+ levels in an aged murine model. Results: The results showed that Restorin NR significantly increased NAD+ levels above equivalent doses of NMN or NR chloride. Notably, Restorin NR at the low dose of 0.33 mmol/kg/day induced blood NAD+ elevation statistically equivalent to that of a higher dose of NR chloride or NMN (1 mmol/kg/day, n=11). At the matched dose of 1 mmol/kg/day, Restorin NR yielded significantly higher circulating NAD+ levels than either comparison treatment. These results confirm Restorin NR's superiority to the tested precursors for NAD+ concentrations in circulation. Discussion: Overall, our research identifies a new crystalline salt form of NR and classifies Restorin NR as a promising new therapeutic agent to enhance NAD+ levels and combat aging.