Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42582875›Full record

ReviewJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)2026

Does pre-operative psoas muscle cross-sectional area predict post-operative outcomes following lumbar spine fusion surgery?-a systematic review and narrative synthesis.

Dean T Biddau, Charlie R Faulks, Gregory M Malham, Prashanth J Rao, James McGree, Matthew Bellgard, Simon J Summers

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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0citing papers in PubMed
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1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Dean T BiddauSchool of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.ORCID https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2011-3734
Charlie R FaulksDepartment of Surgery, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
Gregory M MalhamSpine Surgery Research Foundation, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia.
Prashanth J RaoBrain and Spine Surgery, Bella Vista, NSW, Australia.
James McGreeSchool of Mathematics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
Matthew BellgardChancellery, University of East London, London, UK.
Simon J SummersSchool of Biomedical Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Low back pain remains a leading cause of disability globally, with surgical interventions commonly utilised as treatment. Rates of lumbar fusion surgery continue to rise, but poor outcomes remain common. Preoperative psoas muscle morphology has been proposed as a potential predictor of postoperative success. Evidence supporting a link between psoas morphology and outcomes post-fusion surgery is growing yet remains unclear. This systematic review and narrative synthesis aimed to evaluate whether pre-operative psoas muscle morphology predicts clinical and radiographic outcomes following lumbar fusion surgery. Methods: Five databases (MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL, Web of Science, and SportDiscus) were searched from inception to June 2025. Included studies assessed pre-operative psoas morphology [cross-sectional area (CSA), volume] and reported post-operative clinical (pain, disability, quality of life) or radiographic outcomes (fusion rates, alignment, complications). Risk of bias was assessed using Quality in Prognostic Studies (QUIPS), and certainty of evidence evaluated using Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE). Results: Sixteen retrospective cohort studies encompassing 2,250 patients were included. Overall, data indicates that psoas morphology is not a consistent predictor of outcomes following fusion procedures. A limited number of low-quality studies, however, suggest that the surgical approach may influence this relationship. Posterior fusion techniques showed some association where a larger psoas was linked to early improvements in pain and function, while lateral and anterior approaches demonstrated no relationship. Conclusions: Based on very low to low certainty evidence, routine pre-operative psoas assessment is not currently justified for predicting lumbar fusion outcomes. Higher-quality prospective studies are needed to clarify the prognostic value of psoas morphology in spine surgery.

Indexed as

lumbar fusion surgeryprognostic factorspsoas cross-sectional area (psoas CSA)Psoas major

Identifiers

PMID42582875
PMCPMC13458787

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.