ArticleTranslational andrology and urology2026
Associations between circulating sex hormones and anterior urethral stricture disease.
Article in Translational andrology and urology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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1 citing paper in PubMed.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Background: The pathophysiology of anterior urethral stricture disease (aUSD) is unknown (idiopathic) in the majority of men. Testosterone is required for the in utero development of the male urethra and has been shown to aid in urethral healing. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the relationship between circulating sex hormones and aUSD. Methods: This study included 154 males with aUSD undergoing urethroplasty who were enrolled in a prospective, multicenter study evaluating the relationship between inflammation and urethral strictures. This study represents a secondary analysis on serum, measuring circulating levels of total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (fT), estradiol (Es), progesterone (Pr), and cortisol (Co). The control group consisted of males (n=9) lacking urologic pathology undergoing vasectomy. Within the stricture cohort, we looked at differences in sex hormone levels by stricture features and inflammation. T-tests and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare means. Univariate logistic regression was used to assess significant differences followed by multivariable logistic regression to adjust for confounders. Results: fT was lower in the stricture cohort versus control cohort (1.08 Conclusions: We show an association between lower fT, aUSD, and aUSD severity. Bioavailable testosterone is necessary for male urethral development and has anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic properties. We hypothesize that fT may contribute to aUSD development by impairing healing to sub-clinical trauma.
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