Evidence map›Paper›PMID 42582776›Full record

ArticleJournal of spine surgery (Hong Kong)2026

Improving operating room turnover efficiency with a real-time workflow coordination software in adult degenerative spine surgery.

Zachary G Brumm, Megha R Aepala, Justin K Gottlieb, Paul D Kim, Evan Nigh, Adam Barrus, Robyn Bowler, Jodi Britton, Sophea R Bergen, Stephanie L Haua and 14 more

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PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of spine surgery (Hong Kong), 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

24 authors.

Zachary G Brumm *University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Megha R Aepala *University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Justin K GottliebColumbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Paul D KimSpine and Brain Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Evan NighSpine and Brain Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Adam BarrusDepartment of Anesthesiology, Sharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Robyn BowlerSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Jodi BrittonSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Sophea R BergenSpine and Brain Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Stephanie L HauaSpine and Brain Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
Mary F MakabentaSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Sally PuschSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Susie StephensSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Josielyn FishellSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Hiedylyn IliganSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Isabella AiradaSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Vendellyn J TeguraSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Vinalyn OrtegaSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Kayla IniguezSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Jessica ReyesSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Nidya IribeSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Brittany DudaSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Maria E Delos SantosSharp Grossmont Hospital, La Mesa, CA, USA.
Ramin RaiszadehSpine and Brain Institute of San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: Operating room (OR) efficiency represents a critical determinant of surgical productivity, cost-effectiveness, workforce wellness, and patient access to care. Among its modifiable components, turnover time (TOT), the interval between patient exit and subsequent patient entry, is a key target for operational improvement. This study describes the impact of the S1 Pit Crew™ platform, a real-time, role-based OR workflow coordination software, on TOT using adult degenerative spine surgery as a representative test environment. Methods: This study examined prospectively collected perioperative and turnover workflow data from 51 consecutive elective adult degenerative spine surgery cases performed at a single hospital following S1 Pit Crew™ platform implementation. Baseline TOT was derived from institutional records of cases performed over the year preceding implementation and was used for descriptive comparison. The platform delivered real-time, role-specific task prompts and shared situational awareness across all perioperative team members via synchronized multi-device displays, enabling prospective collection of turnover and perioperative workflow data. A total of 24-time parameters were collected and aggregated into four key time interval durations including Stage 1: perioperative time interval #1 (dressing to wheels-out); Stage 2: turnover time (wheels-out to wheels-in); Stage 3: perioperative time interval #2 (wheels-in to incision); and total elapsed skin-to-skin time. Cases were stratified into initial (N=26) and subsequent (N=25) cohorts to assess efficiency with continued utilization and key time interval durations were also compared across procedure types, surgeon, OR, and case order. Results: Mean TOT was 26.5 minutes following platform implementation, compared with a baseline institutional average of 38.0 minutes, representing a 30.3% descriptive difference. TOT decreased significantly between the initial (28.9±7.7 minutes) and subsequent cohort (23.9±3.7 minutes) (P=0.02). Perioperative time intervals did not differ significantly between initial and subsequent cohorts (P>0.05). All key time interval durations were similar across procedure types, surgeons, ORs, and case order (P>0.05). Conclusions: After implementation of the S1 Pit Crew™ platform, mean TOT was descriptively 30.3% lower than the prior institutional baseline, with improvement observed with continued utilization and similar time durations across procedure types of varying complexity. Through standardizing workflow with real-time, shared task visibility, the platform functions as a behavioral coordination tool while also promoting accountability and enabling identification of inefficiencies. Real-time workflow coordination through the S1 Pit Crew™ platform may represent a scalable approach to improving OR efficiency across surgical environments.

Indexed as

operating room efficiency (OR efficiency)perioperative workflowquality improvementspine surgeryTurnover time (TOT)

Identifiers

PMID42582776
PMCPMC13458780

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.