ArticleFrontiers in microbiology2026
The impact of human milk oligosaccharides and galacto-oligosaccharides on the growth of early life pathogenic gut bacteria.
Article in Frontiers in microbiology, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Antibiotics are widely used to prevent and treat early life gut infections, but their aberrant use has raised global concerns about antibiotic resistance. As breastfed infants have fewer intestinal infections than formula-fed infants, this stimulated scientific interest in the anti-pathogenic properties of breastmilk, specifically human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs). HMOs are non-digestible sugars that support infant gut microbiome development, immune maturation, and protection against pathogens. However, to determine how specific HMO structures differentially affect microbial growth and pathogen susceptibility investigating individual HMOs is essential. This study therefore evaluates the effects of single-structure HMOs and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) on the growth of key early-life gut pathogens,
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