ArticleBrain and behavior2026
Temporal Modulation Enhances Medial Olivocochlear Reflex Efficacy: A TEOAE Suppression Study With Amplitude-Modulated Broadband Noise.
Article in Brain and behavior, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
introductionThe medial olivocochlear reflex (MOCR), an efferent feedback pathway, modulates cochlear gain to enhance signal detection in noise. It is commonly assessed non-invasively via contralateral suppression of transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). While unmodulated noise is a standard elicitor, ecologically relevant amplitude-modulated (AM) noises may be more effective activators, though literature findings are conflicting regarding the optimal modulation rate. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of unmodulated white noise (WN) and WN modulated at 10, 50, and 100 Hz (AM-BBN) in eliciting the MOCR, as measured by TEOAE suppression. A secondary objective was to investigate the frequency specificity and laterality of the suppression effect.
methodsForty-six normal-hearing adults participated. TEOAEs were recorded ipsilaterally while presenting contralateral noise stimuli (WN, M10, M50, and M100 Hz) at 60 dB SPL. Suppression was measured across frequency bands (1, 1.5, 2, 3, and 4 kHz) and ears. Non-parametric statistical analyses were employed due to non-normal data distribution.
resultsA significant main effect was found for stimulus type (χ
conclusionAM noises at moderate to high rates (50-100 Hz) are more effective MOCR activators than unmodulated noise. The efferent system demonstrates clear frequency-specific and lateralized efficacy, with maximal suppression at lower frequencies and in the right ear. These findings underscore the importance of the temporal characteristics of contralateral stimuli and suggest optimized MOCR assessment using ecologically relevant, fluctuating sounds.
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